The German noun Geist and its adjective geistig may be roughly translated, with some loss of subtlety of meaning, as “mind-spirit” and “mental-spiritual”. In some cases, Geist as both “mind” AND “spirit”, and in other cases as either “mind” OR “spirit”, in accordance with the context. For the most part, the adjective geistig is used as “mental-spiritual”, although in some cases the words “intellectual”, “philosophical” or “religious” are chosen as more appropriate for the context.